Carbohydrate metabolism

Gluconeogenesis is the process of synthesizing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. Where does gluconeogenesis occur? The process takes place mainly in the liver and limited extent in the kidney and small intestine under some conditions. It is also called “Endogenous glucose Production” (EGP). It is one of the metabolic pathways. The production of glucose from other carbon skeletons is necessary since …

Do you know the Fates of Pyruvate after Glycolysis Cycle? In this notes, you will learn the basics and mechanism of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex. Glycolysis is taking place in Cytoplasm. So Pyruvate is generated in Cytoplasm. This is to be transported into mitochondria by a Pyruvate transporter. It is a simport, where the hydrogen ion is a transporter. What is …

The Hexose Monophosphate Shunt is also known as “Pentose Phosphate Pathway” (PPP). This is an alternative Glucose oxidation pathway. The hexose monophosphate pathway is used for the production of NADPH from NADP. The NADPH is required for biosynthetic reactions such as fatty acid synthesis, cholesterol synthesis, drug reduction, and as a  cofactor for some non-synthetic enzymatic reactions. Pentose Phosphate Pathway is the alternative Glucose oxidative …

Carbohydrate metabolism denotes the various biochemical processes responsible for the formation, breakdown and interconversion of carbohydrates in living organisms. The most important carbohydrate is glucose, a simple sugar (monosaccharide) that is metabolized by nearly all known organisms. Since all digestible forms of carbohydrates are eventually transformed into glucose, it is important to consider how glucose is able to provide energy …

“Synthesis of Glycogen from Glucose is called GLYCOGENESIS. It takes place in the Cytosol and requires ATP and UTP, besides Glucose.” The goal of glycolysis, glycogenolysis, and the citric acid cycle is to conserve energy as ATP from the catabolism of carbohydrates. If the cells have sufficient supplies of ATP, then these pathways and cycles are inhibited. Under these conditions …

Understanding exactly how the body works can sometimes seem like an impossible task as you have to make your way through an endless mire of different terms and interconnected processes. It’s half biology, half chemistry and half physics and all a headache. Even to understand something as seemingly simple as energy metabolism you need to know terms like Glycogenolysis and …

Citric acid cycle is also called Krebs Cycle and Tricarboxylic acid cycle. The citric acid cycle is a aerobic universal Acetyl~coA catabolic cycle. It is a central metabolic cycle. The cycle was first elucidated by scientist “Sir Hans Adolf Krebs” (LT, 1900 to 1981). He shared the Nobel Prize for physiology and Medicine in 1953 with Fritz Albert Lipmann, the …

Glycolysis literally means “Splitting Sugars“. In glycolysis, glucose (a six carbon sugar) is split into two molecules of a three-carbon sugar. Glycolysis yields two molecules of ATP (free energy containing molecule), two molecules of Pyruvic acid and two “high energy” electron carrying molecules of NADH. Glycolysis can occur with or without oxygen. In the presence of oxygen, glycolysis is the …