Biochemistry Question Bank for Second B.Sc. Students

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This is the academic year ending, and examinations started. Students are preparing for examinations. We are providing the question lists, which were prepared from previous papers of the B.Sc. Second year. You can download this Biochemistry Question Bank in a designed PDF format from the link below.

Biochemistry Question Bank for Second B.Sc. Students

UNIT 1: Bioenergetics & Biological Oxidation

Essays: (15Marks)

1. What are high-energy compounds? Write about a few examples with a suitable structure.
2. What is Free energy? Explain the free energy concept?
3. What is the Electron Transport Chain? Explain the mechanism of ETC at mitochondrial Matrix?
4. What is Oxidative phosphorylation? Write about the chemiosmotic theory? Mention a few examples of Inhibitors and uncouplers?
5. What is photophosphorylation? Explain the cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation stages in the light phase?

Short Questions: (4 Marks):

1. Cytochromes
2. Energy-rich compounds
3. Conformational coupling hypothesis
4. Inhibitors of ETC
5. Structure and Functions of Mitochondria
6. Flavoproteins (FAD and FMN)
7. Structure of Chloroplast
8. Chlorophyll-Structure and Function
9. Cyclic Photophosphorylation
10. Non-cyclicphotophosphorylation
11. Hill reaction
12. Hatch-Slack cycle
13. Photorespiration
14. Oxygenases
15. Redox reactions
16. Redox couplers

Very Short Questions: (2 Marks):

1. Structure of 2,4-DNP
2. Structure of NAD⁺
3. Free energy
4. Thermodynamic laws (First & Second Laws)
5. Mitochondria
6. Chloroplast
7. Cytochrome C
8. Terminal Oxidase
9. Cytochrome Oxidase

Reference Books:

1. Fundamentals of Biochemistry by J.L.Jain
2. Principles of Biochemistry by Lehninger, Nelson & Cox

Unit 2: Carbohydrate Metabolism & Lipid Metabolism

Essays: (15Marks):

1. Describethe TCA cycle with its regulation?
2. Describe HMP Shunt? Write aboutthe significance?
3. Describe the process of Glycogen Metabolism.
4. Describe the Biosynthesis process of Fatty acids?
5. How the Fatty acids are oxidizes in the human body?
6. Write about β-oxidation of Fatty acids? Calculate the net ATP in this process by taking Palmitic acid as an example.
7. Write about the process of Biosynthesis of Cholestero.?
8. Write the steps involved in the Glycolytic pathway (or) EMP pathway?

Short Questions: (4 Marks):

1. Triacylglycerol biosynthesis
2. Anaplerotic reactions (or) Anaplerosis
3. Gluconeogenesis
4. Glycogenesis
5. Glycogenolysis
6. Significance of HMP shunt
7. Unsaturated fatty acid oxidation
8. α-oxidation of Fatty acids
9. Ketone bodies (Ketogenesis & Ketolysis)
10. Net ATP calculation in β-oxidation of Fatty acids
11. Multienzyme complex & Multifunctional enzyme complex
12. Biosynthesis of USFA
13. Lipoproteins & types
14. Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex & its mechanism
15. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) complex
16. Glycolysis
17. Substrate-level phosphorylation.

 Very Short Questions: (2Marks)

1. Glycolysis
2. Anaplerosis
3. Structures: Glucose-6-P, Fruc-6-P, Fructose-1,3-bis P, Glyceraldehyde-3-P, 1,3-bisPG, 2,3-bisPG, DHAP, PEP, Pyruvate, OAA, Acetyl~coA, Citric acid (or) Tricarboxylic acid, Isocitrate, Succinyl~coA, alpha-ketoglutarate, Malic acid, Fumarate (For these structures visit: Bio-Gallery)
4. Definitions: Metabolism, Anabolism, Catabolism, Anaplerosis, β-oxidation of Fatty acids, Cholesterol, bile acids, bile salt (For these definitions Visit: Biochemistry Glossary)

Reference Books:

1. Fundamentals of Biochemistry by J.L.Jain
2. Principles of Biochemistry by Lehninger, Nelson & Cox
3. Fundamentals of Biochemistry by Voet & Voet

Unit 3: Nitrogen Compound Metabolism (Amino acids, Nitrogenous Compound Metabolism)

Essays: (15Marks)

1. Describe the denovo pathway of Purine Biosynthesis with its regulation?
2. Explain the biosynthesis process of Pyrimidine Biosynthesis with its regulation?
3. Describe the biosynthesis of Heme & its regulation?
4. Write the Biosynthesis of Tryptophan?
5. Write the Biosynthesis of Histidine?
6. Write the general reactions involved in Amino acid Metabolism

Short Questions: (4 Marks):

1. Purine catabolism
2. Pyrimidine catabolism
3. Branched-chain amino acids catabolism.
4. Serine-Glycine interactions
5. Essential Amino acids Non-Essential Amino acids
6. Gout
7. Lesch- Nyhan syndrome
8. Orotic aciduria
9. Ribonucleotide reductase
10. Salvage Pathway
11. Transamination
12. Deamination
13. Decarboxylation
14. Thymidine Synthase

Very Short Questions: (2Marks)

1. Gout
2. Structure: XMP, IMP, UMP, CMP, ATP, cAMP, GMP, TMP, Homocystine, Homoserine, Chorismate, Shikimate, Phenylpyruvate, Tryptophan, Essential amino acids structures, Histidine, Bilirubin, Biliverdin, Heme
3. Essential amino acids
4. Non-Essential Amino Acids
5. Glycogenic and Ketogenic Amino Acids

Reference Books:

1. Fundamentals of Biochemistry by J.L.Jain
2. Principles of Biochemistry by Lehninger, Nelson & Cox
3. Fundamentals of Biochemistry by Voet & Voet

Unit 4: Biochemical Techniques

Essays: (15Marks)

1. Write the Principle, Procedure, and Applications of Paper Chromatography.
2. Describe the Principle, Procedure, and Applications of SDS-PAGE?
3. Describe the Principle, Procedure, and Applications of Gel-filtration?
4. Write about Ultra centrifugation (or) Analytical centrifugation and its Applications?
5. Explain Density Gradient Centrifugation and its Applications?
6. Write the Application of RadioIsotopes in Medicine?
7. What are the principles, Applications, and Instrumentation of Spectrophotometry?.

Short Questions: (4 Marks):

1. TLC
2. Ionic Exchangers: Cationic & Anionic Exchangers
3. Ion-Exchange Chromatography
4. Affinity Chromatography
5. Paper Electrophoresis
6. Differential Centrifugation
7. Colorimetry
8. RCF
9. Partition Coefficient (or) Distribution coefficient
10. Desktop & Analytical Centrifuges
11. Adsorption chromatography
12. Isoelectric focusing
13. Polyacrylamide gels
14. Homogenizer
15. Application of SDS-PAGE

Very Short Questions: (2Marks)

1. Isotope
2. Principles of Electrophoresis, Chromatography, Centrifugation, and Spectroscopy (Any one from these)
3. Beer’s-Lambert’s Law
4. Β-mercaptoethanol & Urea
5. SDS
6. Whathalf-lifelife
7. Optical Density (OD)
8. Radioactivity and its units
9. Electrolytes
10. Polyacrylamide gels
11. Agarose gels
12. Ionic Strength
13. Starch gels
14. Solubilizers

References of this Unit:

1. Biophysical Chemistry by Upadhyaya & Upadhyaya
2. Biotechniques Theory and Practical by SVS Rana
3. Principles aPracticecal of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology by Wilson & Walker